Egypt's economy is the third-largest economy in Africa and the fourth-fastest-growing GDP (excluding countries having small GDP). The country has a thriving tourism and entertainment sector, thus, it experiences high international visitor inflows, commerce, and logistics growth. 

Agriculture was the most important source of employment in Egypt as of June 2020, accounting for up to 21% of all employed Egyptians. Construction and building, wholesale and retail trade, as well as manufacturing industries are second, third, and fourth, respectively, with 14%, 13.4%, and 12.5%. The scientific and technological activities, as well as the electrical industry, accounted for the least percentages of total employment.

The national minimum wage is EGP 2,400 per month.

Payroll in Egypt is done monthly; on or before the 5th of the month. 

Resident companies are taxed on worldwide income. Non-resident corporations and partnerships pay tax on income derived from their permanent establishments (PEs) in Egypt.

The corporate income tax (CIT) rate in Egypt is 22.5% on the net taxable profits of a company.

The above rate applies to all types of business activities except for oil exploration companies, whose profits are taxed at 40.55%. In addition, the profits of the Suez Canal Authority, the Egyptian Petroleum Authority, and the Central Bank of Egypt are taxable at a rate of 40%.

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Annual Leave 

Employees are entitled to 21 days of annual leave after working for the company for one year. Annual leave is 30 days for employees who have worked for one or more than 10 years. Employees over the age of 50 are entitled to 30 days of yearly leave.

Annual leave is pro-rated to the length of service for employees who have been with the company for less than a year but not fewer than 6 months.

Sick leave 

In case of illness, an employee is entitled to sick leave based on a report from the appropriate medical authorities. An employee is entitled to full pay while on sick leave of 180 days (6 months). An employee with a record of sickness is entitled to a paid sick leave at the rate of 75 percent of the wage for the first 90 days, increasing to 85 percent for the next 90 days. 

Maternity Leave 

Female employees who have worked for ten months consecutively are entitled to 90 days of paid maternity leave and 45 days after the birth of a child. Maternity benefits are paid at 75% of the full wage. Employees are entitled to two periods of maternity leave over the course of 5 years in their employment. Women who have just given birth are entitled to two half-hour breastfeeding breaks each day, or one cumulative hour-long break, for the first 24 months after the birth of each child.

Paternity Leave 

There are no legal provisions for paternity leave.

If an employer terminates a fixed-term employment contract at any time, the employee is entitled to the full wage. If an employer terminates an indefinite-term employment contract without justification, the employee is entitled to compensation of no less than two months' full salary for each year of service, in addition to benefits such as earned leaves, bonuses, and so on.

Notice Period 

The applicable notice time is agreed upon in the fixed-term employment contract. If an employee has worked in the company for less than 10 years, he or she will be given two months' notice; three months’ notice is given to an employee that has worked in a company for more than 10 years. 

Severance Pay

Severance compensation is not required under Egyptian labor law except in circumstances of unjust termination. If an employer terminates an indefinite contract without justification, the employee is entitled to two months’ salary for each year worked. An employee is entitled to any remaining remuneration provided under the contract if a fixed-term contract is terminated unfairly before it is intended to expire.

Probation 

Employees in Egypt are usually hired after a period of probation. The length of the probation period is determined by the contract but it is limited to three months by law.